Neurofeedback Performance Under Challenging Conditions: The Theta-agency Interplay
Résumé
Neurofeedback (NF) consists in training the self- regulation of some target neural activity. Yet, the neural underpinnings of NF performance remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated Motor Imagery (MI) based NF with EEG, training subjects to regulate motor-related activity in the large β (8-30 Hz) band. We examined the electrophysiological correlates of NF performance across the whole scalp and the frequency spectrum. In addition to the rewarded β activity, fronto- central θ activity predicted NF performance. The association was modulated by the participants' sense of agency over the feedback with stronger effects in participants with lower agency. Fostering agency in NF protocols may reduce cognitive effort and reliance on additional rythms beyond β. Considering these effects could be important for optimizing NF performance.
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